Literature
- Fieber, F.X. 1861a. Die europäischen Hemiptera. Halbflügler. (Rhynchota Heteroptera.): 113-444. Gerold's Sohn, Wien.
- Slater, J.A. 1964a. A catalogue of the Lygaeidae of the world. I, II: i-xviii, 1-1668. Waverly Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA..