Literature
- Banks, C.S. 1909. Rhynchota Palawanica. Part I. Heteroptera 4: 553-594. Philippine Journal of Science (A).
- Zheng, L.Y. & G.C. Liu 1998. Descriptive notes of nymphal stage of Malcidae and its bearing on systematics (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) 23: 191-197. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica.