Literature
- Bergroth, E. 1918. Studies in Philippine Heteroptera, I 13: 43-73, 75-126. Philippine Journal of Science (D).
- Distant, W.L. 1901b. Rhynchotal notes.- XI. Heteroptera: Fam. Lygaeidae 8: 464-486, 497-510. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7).
- Slater, J.A. 1966b. A further contribution to our knowledge of the Pachygronthinae (Hem.: Lyg.) 5: 51-65. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland.